美國國會聽證會表示，如果中國在5G技術上領先，美國的科技霸主地位和數百萬個就業崗位將岌岌可危

US tech supremacy and millions of jobs at stake if China gains 5G lead, congressional hearing told


原文地址：https://m.scmp.com/tech/enterprises/article/2185428/us-tech-supremacy-and-millions-jobs-stake-if-china-gains-5g-lead

經濟和政治霸主的地位。但時過境遷，若是美國主動退出國際舞台，那麼只有中國適合填補這一空缺（後面有大量國外網友的評論）



The rhetoric against Chinese hi-tech firms has been ramped up under the Trump administration
在特朗普政府執政期間，針對中國高科技公司的言論得到了加強



The United States stands to lose millions of jobs and its competitiveness if it does not check the ambitions of China to gain leadership in 5G mobile technology, a congressional hearing was told this week.
China has a coordinated state-led strategy for developing its science and technology that is not matched by the US federal government, Michael Wessel, the commissioner for the US-China Economic & Security Review Commission, said on Wednesday.
The measures employed by China involve both legal and illegal means, ranging from state subsidies to procurement protectionism to outright theft of intellectual property from US firms, said Wessel in his testimony to the Senate committee on commerce, science and transportation.
“China’s government pursues an aggressive development path to become a high-technology leader, but its approach emphasises Chinese technologies, and the companies that develop them, as the core of any future standards,” said Wessel in prepared remarks to the hearing, which was named “Winning the Race to 5G and the Next Era of Technology Innovation in the US”.
Huawei faces increased US opposition at Mobile World Congress with officials out to dissuade from buying Chinese 5G gear
“China’s approach is the result of long-term planning, policy implementation and funding. In other words, government direction – supported by policy, politics, and generous subsidies – is driving China’s tech development,” he said.
While concerns over China’s technological ambitions have simmered over the years – the commission warned as far back as 2004 about the country’s top-down approach to promoting technological development – the rhetoric against Chinese firms has gained greater intensity during the Trump administration.

美國國會聽證會本週表示，如果不檢查中國在5G移動技術領域取得領導地位的野心，美國將失去數百萬個就業機會和競爭力。
美中經濟與安全審查委員會委員邁克爾韋塞爾週三表示，中國有一個協調的國家主導的科技發展戰略，與美國聯邦政府無法匹敵。
Wessel在參議院商業，科學和交通委員會的證詞中表示，中國採取的措施包括合法和非法手段，從國家補貼到採購保護主義，再到美國公司徹底竊取知識產權。
“中國政府追求積極的發展道路，成為高科技領導者，但其方法強調中國技術，以及發展它們的公司，作為任何未來標準的核心，”韋塞爾在聽證會上準備的評論說，名為“贏得5G競賽和美國技術創新的下一個時代”。
華為面臨美國在世界移動通信大會上的反對，官員們不願意購買中國的5G裝備
“中國的做法是長期規劃，政策實施和資金的結果。換句話說，政府方向 - 政策，政治和慷慨的補貼支持 - 正在推動中國的科技發展，“他說。
雖然多年來對中國技術雄心的擔憂已經醞釀，但委員會早在2004年就該國自上而下的促進技術發展的方法發出了警告 - 在特朗普政府執政期間，針對中國公司的言論更加激烈。




Should the US fail to win the race in 5G, it would “delay the benefits of 5G for the American people” and “forever reduce the economic and societal gains that come from leading the world in technology”, said senator Roger Wicker, chairman of the committee who oversaw the hearing.

The congressional hearing comes as President Donald Trump is expected to sign an executive order banning Chinese telecommunications equipment from US wireless networks ahead of the annual industry conference Mobile World Congress, which will be held at the end of February in Barcelona, according to a Politico report on Thursday that cited unnamed sources.
The US has warned its allies not to use Chinese telecoms equipment in critical infrastructure projects or face the consequences.

“There are no compelling reasons that I can see to do business with the Chinese, so long as they have the structure in place to reach in and manipulate or spy on their customers,” Ambassador Gordon Sondland, Trump’s envoy in Brussels, said on Thursday.
“Those who are charging ahead blindly and embracing the Chinese technology without regard to these concerns may find themselves at a disadvantage in dealing with us.”
Britain, Germany, Australia, New Zealand and Canada are among US allies that have either banned or are reviewing whether to allow Huawei equipment to be installed in their telecoms networks.


如果美國未能在5G中贏得比賽，它將“延遲5G對美國人民的利益”和“永遠減少在技術領域引領世界所帶來的經濟和社會收益”，參議員Roger Wicker說道。監督聽證會的委員會。

根據Politico的一份報告，預計唐納德特朗普總統將在2月底在巴塞羅那舉行的年度行業會議移動世界大會之前簽署一項禁止美國無線網絡中國電信設備行政命令的國會聽證會。週四引用了匿名消息來源。
美國警告其盟國不要在關鍵基礎設施項目中使用中國電信設備或面臨後果。

特朗普駐布魯塞爾特使戈登·桑德蘭大使周四表示，“只要他們有適當的結構來接觸和操縱或監視他們的客戶，我就沒有令人信服的理由與中國人做生意。” 。
“那些盲目收費並且不顧這些擔憂而接受中國技術的人可能會發現自己在與我們打交道時處於不利地位。”
英國，德國，澳大利亞，新西蘭和加拿大是美國的盟友之一，他們已經禁止或正在審查是否允許將華為設備安裝在其電信網絡中。



On Friday, Bloomberg reported that Chancellor Angela Merkel’s government has ruled out an outright ban targeting Huawei as an equipment supplier to its 5G network because singling out the Chinese company was not legally viable, citing a government official.
Sondland urged European countries to pick Finnish and other Scandinavian companies for their 5G contracts, citing China’s National Intelligence Law that compels companies in China to cooperate with the government “on any intelligence matters in secret and without refusal”.
During the congressional hearing, the China law, which was passed in 2017, was again held up as an example of why Chinese companies like Huawei and ZTE Corp cannot be trusted.

“No Chinese commercial entity can refuse to cooperate with China’s security services,” Wessel said in his prepared remarks.
Addressing those concerns last month, Huawei founder Ren Zhengfei denied that the company spies for China and said that he would rather shut down the Shenzhen-based firm that he founded in 1987 than harm its customers.


“China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs has officially clarified that no law in China requires any company to install back doors. Neither Huawei, nor I personally, have ever received any requests from any government to provide improper information,” Ren said to reporters in January.
“We only provide equipment to telecoms operators, and that equipment does not have an ideology. It is controlled by telecoms operators, not by Huawei.”
Huawei did not immediately comment on Friday, which was a national holiday on the mainland.
However, the move to ban Chinese telecoms equipment from the US in light of national security concerns will impact rural wireless carriers, about 25 per cent of which currently use Huawei equipment because of its lower cost, according to data from the Rural Wireless Association.


週五，彭博社報導稱，總理安格拉•默克爾（Angela Merkel）的政府已經排除了直接禁止華為作為其5G網絡的設備供應商的禁令，因為一位政府官員援引這家中國公司並不具有法律可行性。
Sondland敦促歐洲國家選擇芬蘭和其他斯堪的納維亞公司的5G合同，理由是中國的國家情報法強制要求中國公司“在任何情報問題上秘密而不拒絕”與政府合作。
在國會聽證會上，2017年通過的中國法律再次成為華為和中興通訊等中國企業無法信任的典範。

“沒有中國商業實體可以拒絕與中國的安全部門合作，”韋塞爾在準備好的講話中說。
針對上個月的擔憂，華為創始人任正非否認該公司為中國間諜，並表示他寧願關閉他在1987年創立的深圳公司，而不是傷害客戶。


“中國外交部已正式澄清，中國沒有法律要求任何公司安裝後門。無論是華為，還是我個人，都沒有收到任何政府要求提供不正確信息的請求，“仁在1月份對記者說。
“我們只向電信運營商提供設備，而且這些設備沒有意識形態。它由電信運營商控制，而非華為。“
華為周五沒有立即發表評論，這是大陸的國定假日。
然而，根據農村無線協會的數據，考慮到國家安全問題，禁止中國電信設備從美國轉移的舉措將影響農村無線運營商，其中約25％目前使用華為設備，因為其成本較低。



“Huawei is probably the world leader in 5G technology, and eliminating [that choice] will put more pressure on us as a nation and on the carriers,” said Steven K Berry, president and chief executive of the Competitive Carriers Association, at the congressional hearing on Wednesday.
The use of Chinese telecoms equipment as a result of cost pressures faced by rural carriers has created a “two-tiered security issue that jeopardises more of the rural areas”, according to Wessel, who said that a security evaluation was needed.
“There are many critical sites with assets that need to be protected,” he said.


“華為可能是5G技術的全球領導者，消除[這種選擇]將給我們作為一個國家和運營商帶來更多壓力，”競爭運營商協會總裁兼首席執行官史蒂文·貝瑞在國會表示 週三聽證會。
Wessel表示，由於農村運營商面臨的成本壓力，中國電信設備的使用造成了“兩層安全問題，危及更多農村地區”，他說需要進行安全評估。
“有許多關鍵網站需要保護資產，”他說。