全球暖化: 多座核電廠因冷卻水過熱被迫強制關機

全球暖化的影響越來越嚴重,
今年又在世界各地同時引發強烈風暴造成各國嚴重生命財產損失.
氣溫上升連帶造成歐洲多座核電廠被迫停擺:
從 21 世紀初以來多家國際媒體多次報導,
因為冷卻水吸入口的水溫過高,
超過核電機組冷卻所需的規定,
多座核電廠不得不被迫強制關機或降載.
以今年夏天來說
法國核電廠關閉 4 座反應爐,
瑞典也關閉1座反應爐,
芬蘭, 德國, 瑞士的核電廠也被迫降載.

https://qz.com/1348969/europes-heatwave-is-forcing-nuclear-power-plants-to-shut-down/
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/france-nuclear-reactors-shut-down-edf-europe-heat-wave-a8477776.html
https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/sep/07/weatherwatch-nuclear-power-plants-feel-the-heat
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2006/jul/30/energy.weather
https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/20/health/20iht-nuke.1.5788480.html

"...During the extreme heat of 2003 in France, 17 nuclear reactors operated at reduced capacity or were turned off. Électricité de France was forced to buy power from neighboring countries on the open market, where demand drove the price of a megawatt hour as high as €1,000, or $1,350. Average prices in France during summer months ordinarily are about €95 per megawatt hour."
<=== 因缺電法國以超高價向鄰國買電: 造成市場上每度電價格暴漲成 40~50元台幣.


=== 補充 ===
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-finland-nuclear-fortum-oyj/warm-sea-water-in-finland-reduces-power-from-loviisa-nuclear-plant-idUSKBN1KF2CO

芬蘭這座核電廠
是用海水冷卻的,
也必須緊急降載.