如果以我們討論的範圍,搜尋到的資料如下: 末端攻擊模式 1,Pop-up(climb&dive):躍升後俯衝攻擊,以魚叉飛彈初期型式是這樣說明的:The original Harpoon missile (the Italian Otomat is another example) used a terminal "climb and dive" (often described as “pop-up”) maneuver where upon the missile climbed sharply at a certain distance from the target (said to be 1,830 meters) and then dove at a 30 degree attack angle.簡單說就是距目標一定距離躍升後以一俯角攻擊。(對於早期的反制措施,熱焰彈、干擾絲、近迫系統,有一定的反反制效果)。 這只是示意圖 2,Sea skimming:掠海(用掠波比較傳神),Sea skimming anti-ship missiles try to fly as low as is practically achievable, which is almost always below 50 meters (150 ft), and is often down towards 5 meters (15 ft). When under attack, a warship can detect sea-skimming missiles only once they appear over the horizon (about 28 to 46 km from the ship), allowing about 25 to 60 seconds of warning.巡航時保持海面50公尺或以下,攻擊階段可以到5公尺或以下,目的是避免太早被攻擊方發現,壓縮其反應時間(增加攻擊成功率)。
至於討論中有關掠波高度的爭議,說明如下: So what is the good flight altitude? And how to cope with sea conditions?
This is where it gets interesting: the missile is able to assess the sea state by itself. It measures the wavelength of the sea and the peak-to-peak height, estimates the sea state (usually from 1 to 9) and deduces the flight altitude at the best trade-off between stealth and probability of failure.
For instance, sea-skimmers usually fly around 5m above the sea surface for a calm sea (sea state 0 to 2) and around 20m above the sea surface for a rough sea (sea state 3 to 5). 所以,掠海高度應該是隨著海象狀況而有所改變,飛彈會依據自身的雷達高度計與浪峰做一比對而調整。