PEMS 可以讀出即時汙染排放量(e.g., 公克 g),但是需要用數學模式,將排氣管測得壓力,汽缸size, and 引擎轉速(rpm)轉換出單位流量,才能按照測試時間算出 g/km or g/mi. 我猜環保署或車測中心正卡在這裡. 詳細測試方法在CFR 1065.910.節錄一小段如下:
§ 1065.910 PEMS auxiliary equipment for field testing. For field testing you may use various types of auxiliary equipment to attach PEMS to a vehicle or engine and to power PEMS.
(a) When you use PEMS, you may route engine intake air or exhaust through a flow meter. Route the engine intake air or exhaust as follows:
(1) Flexible connections. Use short flexible connectors where necessary.
(i) You may use flexible connectors to enlarge or reduce the pipe diameters to match that of your test equipment.
(ii) We recommend that you use flexible connectors that do not exceed a length of three times their largest inside diameter.
(iii) We recommend that you use four-ply silicone-fiberglass fabric with a temperature rating of at least 315 °C for flexible connectors. You may use connectors with a spring-steel wire helix for support and you may use NomexTM coverings or linings for durability. You may also use any other nonreactive material with equivalent permeation-resistance and durability, as long as it seals tightly.
(iv) Use stainless-steel hose clamps to seal flexible connectors, or use clamps that seal equivalently.
(v) You may use additional flexible connectors to connect to flow meters.
(2) Tubing. Use rigid 300 series stainless steel tubing to connect between flexible connectors. Tubing may be straight or bent to accommodate vehicle geometry. You may use “T” or “Y” fittings made of 300 series stainless steel tubing to join multiple connections, or you may cap or plug redundant flow paths if the engine manufacturer recommends it.
(3) Flow restriction. Use flow meters, connectors, and tubing that do not increase flow restriction so much that it exceeds the manufacturer's maximum specified value. You may verify this at the maximum exhaust flow rate by measuring pressure at the manufacturer-specified location with your system connected. You may also perform an engineering analysis to verify an acceptable configuration, taking into account the maximum exhaust flow rate expected, the field test system's flexible connectors, and the tubing's characteristics for pressure drops versus flow.