下列這篇文章中有提到一些相關的內容。 Prevention of HIV transmission through breastfeeding in resource-limited settings Author Grace John-Stewart, MD Section Editor Lynne M Mofenson, MD Deputy Editor Barbara H McGovern, MD
Risk of breastfeeding — More than 90 percent of HIV infections in infants occur in sub-Saharan Africa; approximately 40 percent of these infections occur during the postnatal period. According to a 2007 report from the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 200,000 infants worldwide become infected annually with HIV through breastfeeding [6]. Early evidence for HIV transmission via breast milk included higher rates of mother-to-infant HIV transmission in regions where women mostly breastfed (eg, Africa) than in areas where they mainly replacement fed (United States and Europe) 我把我覺得重要的部份翻出來。 超過90%在嬰兒(infant指的應該是1歲以內的個體)的HIV感染是在撒哈拉以南的非洲,其中大約40%的感染是在產後發生。根一份世界衛生組織的在2007年的報告,世界上每年大約有200,000個嬰兒是透過哺育母乳來感染HIV。
Biologic plausibility — The biologic plausibility of HIV transmission via breastfeeding was supported by the detection of HIV-1 RNA in colostrum and breast milk, and through evidence linking transmission of other viruses through breast milk (eg, human T-cell leukemia virus) [8,9]. Some studies suggest that HIV-infected cells within breast milk may play a more important role in infant transmission than cell-free virus [10,11]. 有些研究認為是母乳中感染HIV的細胞,比起在細胞以外的病毒較有可能和病毒傳播給嬰兒有關。
MECHANISM OF BREAST MILK HIV TRANSMISSION — The portal of entry of HIV in the breastfed infant has not been defined, but may include the intestine or tonsillar tissues. Breaches in intestinal epithelial integrity or compromise in intestinal cellular tight junctions (eg, between epithelial or dendritic cells) may allow entry of infectious virions [18-21]. The possibility of HIV entry into tonsillar lymphocytes has been suggested from studies of a related virus (ie, simian immunodeficiency virus) in infant macaques [22,23]. HIV是從什麼地方進入被以母乳餵哺的嬰兒還不是很清楚。不過可能和腸、扁桃腺有關。