四葉幸運草 wrote:
強調動物有感覺可以拿...(恕刪)
謝謝您的分享。
我不確定植物是否有任何跟動物一樣的情緒感受能力。
關於動物與植物，以下學者之說與學界宣言，可供您和大眾參考。
"...The whole point of Darwin's position was to indicate homological resemblance between human and animal behaviour, and it followed that is was no more absurd to speak of a higher mammal showing fear, reasoning power, or pleasure than to call the structure on the end of a chimpanzee's forelimb a hand. The difference was one of degree not of kind. There was one continuous 'thinking principle' throughout the animals which Darwin viewed as being contingent on the presence of an organized nervous system, and consequently 'The difference between intellect of man and animals is not so great as between living thing without thought(plants) and living thing with thought(animals)'(T i.66)"
引自Jonathan Howard,<Darwin: A Very Short Introduction>(原版於1982年出版）
中譯本：《達爾文與進化論》，趙凌霞與何竹芳譯。北京：外語教學與研究出版社（2008年出版）。
*Jonathan Howard為德國科隆大學遺傳學研究所細胞遺傳學教授，皇家學會研究員。
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"Speciesism occurs when the interests of a being are accorded less or no weight solely on the basis of species. To say that a being has interests is to say that the being has some sort of mind—any sort of mind—that prefers, desires, or wants. It is to say that there is someone who prefers, desires, or wants. You cannot act with speciesism with respect to a being that has no interests, such as a plant.
Your entire argument rests on your confusing a reaction with a response. If you put an electrical current through a wire that is attached to a bell, the bell will ring. The bell reacts; it does not respond. It is as absurd to say that a bell has a “nonconscious response” as it is to say a plant does. "
引自Gary Francione/全文：
MICHAEL MARDER AND GARY FRANCIONE DEBATE PLANT ETHICS
Gary L. Francione is Board of Governors Professor, Distinguished Professor of Law and Nicholas deB. Katzenbach Scholar of Law and Philosophy at Rutgers University.
來源：Gary L. Francione Facebook
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科學界終於正式宣稱動物也有意識
「劍橋宣言的最後一段宣稱：「缺乏大腦新皮層似乎不表示生物沒有經歷情感狀態變化的能力。各類證據皆不約而同地指出：非人動物擁有構成意識所需的神經結構、神經化學及神經生理基礎物質，以及有能力展示帶有意圖的行為。因此，證據充份表明人類並非唯一擁有產生意識的神經基礎物質的生物。非人動物，包括所有哺乳類及鳥類、以及其他生物，包括章魚，也擁有這些神經基礎物質。」(“The absence of a neocortex does not appear to preclude an organism from experiencing affective states. Convergent evidence indicates that non-human animals have the neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neurophysiological substrates of conscious states along with the capacity to exhibit intentional behaviors. Consequently, the weight of evidence indicates that humans are not unique in possessing the neurological substrates that generate consciousness. Nonhuman animals, including all mammals and birds, and many other creatures, including octopuses, also possess these neurological substrates.”) (The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness, 2012, P.2)」
摘錄自：http://pansci.tw/archives/23959
