donfan wrote:
還是一句話,文化跟政治是兩回事,不相干
所以說 我們可以當炎黃子孫
但是不一定要當中國人囉
讚喔
art4411 wrote:
你似乎漏掉Peter...(恕刪)
如果南島語族起源於中國東南沿海，為什麼現在中國完全沒
有南島語族所留下的痕跡呢？
南島語族的範圍沒有你圖中的第一條線
http://pics7.blog.yam.com/7/userfile/y/yuyuen01/album/1475c09fd247ec.jpg
黑豆漿 wrote:
如果南島語族起源於中國東南沿海，為什麼現在中國完全沒
有南島語族所留下的痕跡呢？
南島語族的範圍沒有你圖中的第一條線
...(恕刪)
何不先去參考Jared Diamond的書, 看看他的立論依據再來說有沒有圖中的第一條線; 他從考古人類學和語言學演化的角度, 說明華南地區及台灣兩地的關聯性. 當然所有這些南島散播路線, 都是學者依據語言學及考古人類學等作出的推論.
....
It turns out that those three other subfamilies have coincident
distributions all of them tiny compared with the distribution of Malayo-
Polynesian. They are confined to aborigines of the island of Taiwan, lying
only 90 miles from the South China mainland. Taiwan's aborigines had
the island largely to themselves until mainland Chinese began settling in
large numbers within the last thousand years. Still more mainlanders
arrived after 1945, especially after the Chinese Communists defeated the
Chinese Nationalists in 1949, so that aborigines now constitute only 2
percent of Taiwan's population. The concentration of three out of the four
Austronesian subfamilies on Taiwan suggests that, within the present
Austronesian realm, Taiwan is the homeland where Austronesian languages
have been spoken for the most millennia and have consequently had the
longest time in which to diverge. All other Austronesian languages, from
those on Madagascar to those on Easter Island, would then stem from a
population expansion out of Taiwan.
WE CAN NOW turn to archaeological evidence. While the debris of
ancient village sites does not include fossilized words along with bones
and pottery, it does reveal movements of people and cultural artifacts that
could be associated with languages. Like the rest of the world, most of
the present Austronesian realm—Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia, and
many Pacific islands—was originally occupied by hunter-gatherers lacking
pottery, polished stone tools, domestic animals, and crops. (The sole
exceptions to this generalization are the remote islands of Madagascar,
eastern Melanesia, Polynesia, and Micronesia, which were never reached by
hunter-gatherers and remained empty of humans until the Austronesian
expansion.) The first archaeological signs of something different within
the Austronesian realm come from—Taiwan. Beginning around the fourth
millennium B.C., polished stone tools and a distinctive decorated pottery
style (so-called Ta-p'en-k'eng pottery) derived from earlier South China
mainland pottery appeared on Taiwan and on the opposite coast of the
South China mainland. Remains of rice and millet at later Taiwanese sites
provide evidence of agriculture.
Ta-p'en-k'eng sites of Taiwan and the South China coast are full of fish
bones and mollusk shells, as well as of stone net sinkers and adzes
suitable for hollowing out a wooden canoe. Evidently, those first Neolithic
occupants of Taiwan had watercraft adequate for deep-sea fishing and for
regular sea traffic across Taiwan Strait, separating that island from the
China coast. Thus, Taiwan Strait may have served as the training ground
where mainland Chinese developed the open-water maritime skills that
would permit them to expand over the Pacific.
One specific type of artifact linking Taiwan's Ta-p'en-k'eng culture to
later Pacific island cultures is a bark beater, a stone implement used for
pounding the fibrous bark of certain tree species into rope, nets, and clothing.
Once Pacific peoples spread beyond the range of wool-yielding domestic
animals and fiber plant crops and hence of woven clothing, they became
dependent on pounded bark "cloth" for their clothing. Inhabitants of
Rennell Island, a traditional Polynesian island that did not become
Westernized until the 1930s, told me that Westernization yielded the
wonderful side benefit that the island became quiet. No more sounds of bark
beaters everywhere, pounding out bark cloth from dawn until after dusk
every day!
Within a millennium or so after the Ta-p'en-k'eng culture reached
Taiwan, archaeological evidence shows that cultures obviously derived from
it spread farther and farther from Taiwan to fill up the modern Austronesian
realm (Figure 17.2). ......
....Although we infer that Austronesian speakers originated from
coastal South China, Austronesian languages today are not spoken
anywhere in mainland China, possibly because they were among the
hundreds of former Chinese languages eliminated by the southward
expansion of Sino-Tibetan speakers. But the language families closest to
Austronesian are thought to be Tai-Kadai(傣-佧岱語), Austroasiatic(南亞語), and Miao-Yao(苗傜語). Thus, while Austronesian languages in China may not have survived the onslaught of Chinese dynasties, some of their sister and cousin languages did.
......
(Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs, and Steel)
p.s.: 你附圖的鏈結無法閱讀.
~
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