這幾天一篇新聞出來，好像讓很多人以為柴油車不能買
因為有報導說柴油引擎的廢氣會致癌
但很多人不知道，世界衛生組織在報告裡沒有講白
真的會汙染環境的柴油引擎廢氣
說的是大貨車、砂石車、重機械吊車、大樓的緊急發電機、大型船舶之類
那些難以實施廢氣標準檢驗的動力引擎
更何況在重視環保工作的歐洲，柴油引擎就占了全部小型車一半以上的市占率
現在新聞報出一個柴油廢氣會致癌
搞得好像只是你我都能開的小型車才是柴油引擎
才是元凶
台灣在101年元旦起實施柴油車第五期排放標準
已經跟歐盟及美國標準相同，是世界最嚴格的廢氣排放標準
除了少數車型獲得緩衝期，年底前可以用四期排放標準外
今年出廠的新車，環保署發給五期排放標準審驗證明，一律適用五期排放標
在粒狀污染物部分由四期的0.025 g/km加嚴為0.005 g/km，加嚴幅度達八十％，新款柴油車須加裝濾煙器才能符合該標準。
至於國內柴油的硫含量已降至10ppmw，也有助於進一步削減柴油車廢氣污染
現在市場上賣的柴油引擎車款，幾乎都有配置DPF（Diesel Particulate Filter）柴油碳微粒濾清器，例如Focus TDCi、Mondeo TDCi、Benz、BMW、Volvo都有
DPF(Diesel Particulate Filter)就像一個會自動加熱之過濾器
主要功能是降低柴油燃燒後所產生的黑煙
由於柴油引擎會在排放廢氣中含有黑煙碳粒
在加裝DPF後可以大量降低黑煙排放
因為所有柴油燃燒後所產生的碳微粒子會被濾清器攔截且暫時儲存
利用引擎排放的熱氣將儲存於DPF內的碳微粒子燃燒
分解氧化成二氧化碳由排氣系統排放出去
能去除廢氣中95％碳粒子
你有抽菸嗎?
你家抽油煙機吸力強嗎?
如果你有抽菸，那最容易碰到的空氣致癌物質就是你夾在手指頭上的菸
婦女得到肺癌的主要元凶，就是炒菜形成的油煙
小型車所用的柴油引擎已經具備省油低汙染的優點
與其說柴油引擎廢氣會致癌
還不如請癮君子們都戒菸
因為二手煙可是比任何引擎廢氣都來的毒上好幾倍
Lyon, France, June 12, 2012 ‐‐ After a week-long meeting of international experts, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is part of the World Health Organization (WHO), today classified diesel engine exhaust as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), based on sufficient evidence that exposure is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer.
Background
In 1988, IARC classified diesel exhaust as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). An Advisory Group which reviews and recommends future priorities for the IARC Monographs Program had recommended diesel exhaust as a high priority for re-evaluation since 1998.
There has been mounting concern about the cancer-causing potential of diesel exhaust, particularly based on findings in epidemiological studies of workers exposed in various settings. This was re-emphasized by the publication in March 2012 of the results of a large US National Cancer Institute/National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health study of occupational exposure to such emissions in underground miners, which showed an increased risk of death from lung cancer in exposed workers (1).
Evaluation
The scientific evidence was reviewed thoroughly by the Working Group and overall it was concluded that there was sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of diesel exhaust. The Working Group found that diesel exhaust is a cause of lung cancer (sufficient evidence) and also noted a positive association (limited evidence) with an increased risk of bladder cancer (Group 1).
The Working Group concluded that gasoline exhaust was possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B), a finding unchanged from the previous evaluation in 1989.
Public health
Large populations are exposed to diesel exhaust in everyday life, whether through their occupation or through the ambient air. People are exposed not only to motor vehicle exhausts but also to exhausts from other diesel engines, including from other modes of transport (e.g. diesel trains and ships) and from power generators.
Given the Working Group’s rigorous, independent assessment of the science, governments and other decision-makers have a valuable evidence-base on which to consider environmental standards for diesel exhaust emissions and to continue to work with the engine and fuel manufacturers towards those goals.
Increasing environmental concerns over the past two decades have resulted in regulatory action in North America, Europe and elsewhere with successively tighter emission standards for both diesel and gasoline engines. There is a strong interplay between standards and technology – standards drive technology and new technology enables more stringent standards. For diesel engines, this required changes in the fuel such as marked decreases in sulfur content, changes in engine design to burn diesel fuel more efficiently and reductions in emissions through exhaust control technology.
However, while the amount of particulates and chemicals are reduced with these changes, it is not yet clear how the quantitative and qualitative changes may translate into altered health effects; research into this question is needed. In addition, existing fuels and vehicles without these modifications will take many
years to be replaced, particularly in less developed countries, where regulatory measures are currently also less stringent. It is notable that many parts of the developing world lack regulatory standards, and data on the occurrence and impact of diesel exhaust are limited.
Conclusions
Dr Christopher Portier, Chairman of the IARC working Group, stated that “The scientific evidence was compelling and the Working Group’s conclusion was unanimous: diesel engine exhaust causes lung cancer in humans.” Dr Portier continued: “Given the additional health impacts from diesel particulates,
exposure to this mixture of chemicals should be reduced worldwide.“(2)
Dr Kurt Straif, Head of the IARC Monographs Program, indicated that “The main studies that led to this conclusion were in highly exposed workers. However, we have learned from other carcinogens, such as radon, that initial studies showing a risk in heavily exposed occupational groups were followed by positive findings for the general population. Therefore actions to reduce exposures should encompass workers and the general population.”
Dr Christopher Wild, Director, IARC, said that “while IARC’s remit is to establish the evidence-base for regulatory decisions at national and international level, today’s conclusion sends a strong signal that public health action is warranted. This emphasis is needed globally, including among the more vulnerable populations in developing countries where new technology and protective measures may otherwise take many years to be adopted.”
以上是正文部分，其它附錄之類的我就不貼了。有興趣的請自行爬文。
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